TECHNICAL COMMITTEE FOR JUICE AND JUICE PRODUCTS

April 26, 2001

Reading, UK

Next Meeting, September 13, 2001, Kansas City.

The meeting was called to order by Chairman David Hammond. The Minutes of the September 2000 TCJJP meeting were approved with minor modification. The membership report and treasurer’s report were distributed. There were 29 paid members, and the bank balance was $14,344.04. It was reported that a US tax return for 2000 was filed.

1. Grants: David Hammond reported on behalf of Nick Low, who continues to attempt to distinguish heat peaks and BMIS peaks in apple juice by HPAC-PAD. The separate grant, for a procedure for the total anthocyanin content was to be developed by Ron Wrolstad who was given a TCJJP grant, but no written status report was submitted. Action Chairman Hammond was directed to write to Prof. Wrolstad and request a formal update & timeframe for completion. Action DAH

2. Reference Material Preparation Developments: Tom Eisele reported progress of an apple juice storage study that will determine if apple juice can be used for a NIST standard. See item 4

3. Collaborative & Other Research:

a. C13 Ethanol - Eric Jamin of Eurofins reported that 12 laboratories reported the results of the ¹³C/¹² C ratio of ethanol derived from fruit juices and maple syrup by Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry. (The method can be used to detect the presence of cane/corn sugars in these media). The results will be sent to the AOAC for acceptance/publication.

b. Cap-GC Heat vs. Beet Second Paper. - David Hammond reported that the second paper in this area has been revised and it is under review by one of his co-author before re-submission to J. Agric. Food Chem. Action DAH/NHL

c. Pulpwash - Paul Cancalon reported on a proposal for a PVM designed to study flavanoid compounds that are present in pulpwash and which might serve as markers. Currently it is difficult to distinguish in line WESOS, added WESOS and juice produced with a hard squeeze. He suggested testing for the polyphenolic materials phlorin, didymin and narirutin in confirmation studies by CE and HPLC. Susan Martin and Paul Cancalon would conduct testing by CE and David Hammond, Gilles Martin and Carla Barry agreed to test HPLC methodology. Action: Cancalon will set up PVM according to AOAC protocol by the next TCJJP fall meeting with collaboration being conducted over the winter 2001-2002. Issues surrounding reference standards for testing will also be resolved. Action PC/DAH

d. Anthocyanin Method - See Item #1 of Minutes, above. Action DAH

e. Limonin (IFU/TCJJP Collaborative Study) Carla Barry reported the proposed IFU/AOAC method had experienced some early difficulties in collaboration as collaborators’ results depended upon which HPLC column was used. It was found that the internal standard suggested for the ring test ran too early to be useful on the CN bonded column. Barry also noted that an official method should not be limited to application with only one column & these difficulties will have to be worked out prior to acceptance/publication. A place will be held in the draft Codex Standard for Fruit Juices for this method pending further work and validation.

f. Polyphenolic HPLC Method - Tom Eisele reported that this method might be useful in distinguishing apple from pear juices through the examination of certain phytochemicals. For example, Phloretin {phloridzin xyloglucoside}& phloridzin appear in apple juice but do not appear in pear juice; arbutin on the other hand appears in pear juice but not in apple juice. Eisele will conduct a mini - collaborative study over the summer with the possibility of presentation of a full collaborative study by the next TCJJP meeting in the fall 2001. Tom Eisele indicated that the arbutin issue needed more work, as vitamin C fortification can obscure this peak and it sometimes “shifts around”. In the front end of the chromatogram there is not always enough resolution to ensure adequate separation of the various components & more time would be spent on the gradient to try & improve the resolution. Carla Barry indicated a place would be held for this method in the draft Codex standard for fruit juices pending validation. Action Tom Eisele & others

f (i) The assembly agreed that in would be very helpful if the past work by Roy Lyon could be recovered (which showed false positives between apple, pear and white grape) so that this background could be included in the publication of the method. Susan Martin agreed to contact NFPA to see if Mr. Lyon’s work could be recovered & this would be passed on the Tom Eisele. Action Susan Martin

g. CZE for Acids - Steve Kupina reported that he had sent out a PVM for organic acids in white grape, red grape, apple and pear juices and was still awaiting results from fellow collaborators. Action Steve Kupina & others

h. Other: Patulin by HPLC - Tom Eisele reported that the AOAC method for detecting Patulin in apple juice (the “liquid-liquid” method) prompted him to modify Mary Truchess’ method of FDA (published at _______). The details of Eisele’s modification are available from the Secretary, and can reduce sample preparation time for HPLC injection to 15 minutes. The modified method showed some promise for screening multiple samples and has been used successfully on unfiltered apple juice from concentrate @ 11.5° Brix.

4. Apple Juice Storage Study: Tom Eisele reported the progress on this study, which is designed to show whether apple juice would be suitable as a NIST reference standard. (i.e., Will extended storage of a juice concentrate affect the important analytes and cause changes? i.e., patulin, L-malic, Brix, etc.) Results will be reported for 0-6-12 month storage periods. Eisele reported that in the first round of results there was quite a bit of inter-laboratory variability. Results will be examined after extended storage. Action Tom Eisele

5. Report on By-Law Amendment Referendum: Steve Cochran reported that the By-Laws amendments (extending the term of the president to two years and splitting the position of secretary-treasurer) passed by unanimous vote of those members who returned their ballot papers. With these amendments, Martin Stutsman will commence a two-year term in September 2001. The secretary-treasurer position (commencing September 2000) will continue as a combined position held by Kristen Gunter until the expiration of her term in September 2003.

6. Board Meetings: The current board members and terms are as follows:

a. Chairman through September 2001 - David Hammond

b. Chairman-Elect - Martin Stutsman (Sept 2001 - Sept 2003)

c. Secretary-Treasurer - Kristen Gunter (Sept 2001 - Sept 2003)

d. Ian Howard (Sept 1999 - Sept 2002)

e. Carla Barry (Sept 1999 - Sept 2002)

f. Eric Wilhelmsen (Sept 1998 - Sept 2001)

g. Steve Cochran (Sept 1999 - Sept 2002)

h. Stacie Hammack (Sept 2000 - Sept 2003)

i. Mike Kennedy (Sept 1998 – Sept 2001)

j. Steve Kupina previous chair (no vote, ends Sept 2001)

The assembly agreed that the TCJJP Board should meet separately by telephone in advance of TCJJP meetings to conduct board business and plan long-range for TCJJP. Action: Chairman Hammond will notice such a board meeting in advance of the September 2001 TCJJP meeting.

7. Liaison Report: Steve Cochran reported on the current activities of the P.A.I. Technical Committee for the information of the members.

8. Cellobiose in Apple Juice: David Hammond discussed cellobiose in apple juice, including levels of cellobiose that exist naturally in apple juice v. levels existing as by-products of cellulase side activities of the enzymes used in the manufacture of apple juice. Hammond commented that he personally thought a threshold of 20 ppm might be too low to be a useful limit for conformation of cellulase use. There was then a general discussion as to whether cellobiose was found in apples, whether it was produced during ripening and whether it was formed naturally in non-enzyme treated juice prepared by the “hot break” method using riper/less ripe apples. The hypothetical “rejection limit” would not be the basis for any regulation, but simply operates as a benchmark for possible commercial determinations.

9. TCJJP Web Page: A written report submitted by Eric Wilhelmsen was shared with the members. In response to Wilhelmsen’s request for feedback, members liked having the bulletin board feature. The website was not as useful as it could be when information was not posted in a timely manner. Also, many people complained that pages with the meeting notices would not open. Major updates twice a year seemed to be adequate and the addition of graphics was not generally viewed as important. Action: Board to discuss

10. Database: A written report from Eric Wilhelmsen on the database was received and discussion postponed to the next board meeting. Action: Board to discuss

11. Codex Analytical Work Group: Carla Barry reported that the meeting of the Codex Analytical Work Group took place on April 23 and 24, 2001. Roger Wood of the Codex Commission attended and explained the Codex protocol for the classification of methods. The work group successfully reviewed and classified numerous methods for inclusion in the draft Codex standard for fruit juices.

12. Nominations Committee: David Hammond, Martin Stutsman & Stacie Hammack were appointed as a nominations committee to volunteers to sit on the board & fill the vacancies that become vacant in Sept 2001. Action DAH, MS & SH

13. Appreciation was expressed to David Hammond and RSSL for hosting the TCJJP meeting and the informative seminar. The meeting was adjourned.

NEXT MEETING

September 13, 2001

8:30 a.m. - 3: 30 p.m.

Senators Board Room

Westin Crown Center

Kansas City, MO USA 64018

(816) 474-4400