TECHNICAL COMMITTEE FOR JUICE AND JUICE PRODUCTS MEETING
September 18, 2003
Atlanta, Georgia
| I | CALL TO ORDER & INTRODUCTIONS Martin Stutsman, Chair, called the meeting to order at 9:08 a.m. and welcomed attendees. Attendees introduced themselves and gave their company affiliations. A list of participants is ATTACHED TO and MADE PART OF these Minutes. |
| II | MINUTES OF PREVIOUS MEETING The Minutes of the March 13, 2003 Technical Committee for Juice and Juice Products (TCJJP) meeting had been previously distributed to members. On a MOTION DULY MADE and SECONDED, the Minutes were APPROVED as drafted. |
| III | MEMBERSHIP AND TREASURER’S REPORT It was reported that as of September 11, 2003, the balance in the TCJJP Account was $16,923.81. A copy of the Treasurer’s Report will be provided to members. Attendees were advised that during the meeting, membership dues could be paid to Ms. Susan Martin. The list of TCJJP members was circulated and will be provided to members. |
| IV | RESEARCH GRANTS Total Anthocyanin Study Dr. Ron Wrolstad of Oregon State University provided an update on the AOAC collaborative study, “Determination of Total Monomeric Anthocyanin Pigment Content by the pH Differential Method of Fruit Juices, Beverages, Natural Colorants, and Wines,” by Jungmin Lee, Robert W. Durst, Ronald E. Wrolstad, Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University. Dr. Wrolstad reported that 13 laboratories participated in the collaborative study and agreement between participating laboratories was excellent. It was noted that AOAC requested that the anthocyanin authentic standard (cyanidin-3-glucoside) be included in the study to examine the accuracy of the procedure. He reported the standard failed to give acceptable results. The purity of the standard was found to be around 60 percent by all participants, based upon the accepted molar extinction coefficient for the material. As each participant obtained very similar results it would suggest that the apparent low recovery was not due to the stability of the standard material. Although this material was described as greater than 97 percent pure by HPLC by the supplier (Polyphenol AS), the standard would not detect any other non-visible/ultra-violet absorbing materials. Dr. Wrolstad expressed appreciation to the laboratories who participated in the study. He commented that due to the purchase of extra samples, the cost of the study would be $400 over budget. On a MOTION DULY MADE and SECONDED, attendees agreed to expand the cost of the study from $2000 to $2400. |
| V | COLLABORATIVE AND OTHER RESEARCH Cap-GC Heat vs. Beet Second NFPA Paper Dr. Stutsman provided an update based on information prepared by Dr. David Hammond. Dr. Stutsman reported that the revised study had been sent to Dr. Nicholas Low. ACTION: Ms. Martin to contact Dr. Hammond about speaking to Dr. Low. Phlorin, Didymin & Narirutin by CZE & HPLC Ms. Martin provided an update on the study in the absence of Mr. Paul Cancalon. She reported that the problem with the HPLC has been resolved and the samples would be analyzed by HPLC and CE. It was noted that it may be November before the samples were ready as fresh juice samples were desirable rather than stored samples. Limonin Dr. Stutsman provided an update prepared by Dr. Hammond. He reported that the results were poor for the limonin study that TCJJP and the International Federation of Fruit Juice Producers (IFU) undertook. IFU performed a small pre-collaborative study last year and obtained reasonable results from most of the laboratories. It was reported that this study used a solid phase clean up and the analysis was on a C18 column. A full ring test will be carried out on the revised method. The need for a standardized method for limonin determination in the citrus industry was noted. It was reported that seven TCJJP member companies had agreed to participate in the ring test. The need for the study to remain active was noted. ACTION: Ms. Martin to contact Dr. Hammond to have another name placed on the study. Polyphenols/NFPA Data Ms. Martin proposed that discussion of the polyphenols study be postponed. It was noted that the National Food Processors Association (NFPA) possessed the data and a member of NFPA would need to request the data. ACTION: Dr. Stutsman will contact Mr. Tom Eisele. Dr. Lynn Hageman agreed to request the data from NFPA. Apple Juice Concentrate It was reported that it would be expensive for the National Institute of Standards & Technology (NIST) to develop the apple juice concentrate reference standard. It was suggested that TCJJP certify the apple juice concentrate and then sell the concentrate. Attendees discussed soliciting proposals for managing the TCJJP apple juice concentrate standard to include the cost for storage, shipping and handling. It was suggested that six, 50 gram ampules of reference standard might be the appropriate size for distribution. The need to supply a certificate with analytical parameters for the reference standards was discussed. ACTION: Dr. Eric Wilhelmsen to write solicitations and e-mail TCJJP members to determine if there is an interest in managing the apple juice concentrate reference samples. Mr. Steve Cockram agreed to contact The National Food Laboratories (NFL) concerning this project. Interlab-HIS & HFCS in Apple Juice by Cap GC In the absence of Dr. Mike McLaughlin, Dr. Stutsman provided an update on the detection of hydrolysed inulin syrup (HIS) and high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) in apple juice by gas chromatography (GC). An apple juice concentrate with a complex oligosaccharide profile was selected for examination. This selection was based on previous knowledge by Dr. McLaughlin that the interpretation of the results from this method depends very heavily on the oligosaccharide profile seen in the sample. Dr. Stutsman reported this apple juice concentrate was selected as it contained a moderate level of other oligosaccharides. This juice was then used as a control for the study and was spiked with two adulterants, HFCS and HIS, at two separate levels. These samples were sent to participants in a blind fashion. Results were good and the method showed a high sensitivity for HFCS and HIS and a low false negative rate for the controls. These data indicate the method is capable of detecting both HIS and HFCS in apple juices at the levels of 7 to 8 percent. Dr. Stutsman commented that, although the methodology has been shown to produce variable results for the detection of invert syrups, due to the variable ratio seen between the two marker peaks in different laboratories, the method has always been found to return reliable results for HFCS and HIS. In a study conducted by the International Fruit Juice Union (IFU) Analytical Commission, a range of apple juices were selected which contained a wide range of levels of oligosaccharide peaks. These juices were then adulterated with HFCS, HIS or invert syrup and 18 samples were distributed for analysis by 18 laboratories. It was noted that this study would not meet the AOAC method requirements, as it was based on a single raw material. Two alternatives for continuing the study were discussed. It was noted that the study could be repeated using 10 laboratories or a request could be made to AOAC to accept the study with IFU as a co-laboratory. ACTION: Dr. Stutsman to discuss alternative work with Dr. McLaughlin. Steve Cockram, Susan Martin, Natalie Boivin, Greg Joseph, Lars Reimann, Dana Krueger, Nora Barda and Stacie Hammack volunteered to participate in the study. |
| VI | ELECTION OF OFFICERS The position of Board Member and the position for Chair Elect were to be voted on by paid members. Dr. I-Pin Ho and Dr. Wilhelmsen were the candidates for Board Member, and Mr. Cockram and Mr. Reimann were the candidates for Chair Elect. Ms. Martin reported that all ballots must be submitted by November 5, 2003. Attendees were advised to return the ballots completed during the meeting to Ms. Martin or submit ballots via fax or mail to Ms. Gunter. Members have been notified that Mr. Cockram was elected Chair Elect and Dr. Wilhelmsen would be the new board member. |
| VII | TCJJP DATABASE/ WEB SITE DATABASE Dr. Wilhelmsen provided an update on the TCJJP Database and Web site. Proposed changes to the Web site were discussed. It was suggested that a Methods section be added. The Methods of Analysis and Sampling included in the Proposed Draft Codex General Standard for Fruit Juices and Nectars was suggested. It was noted that the Methods of Analysis included European, IFU and AOAC methods. Posting new methods and those methods that have not been validated were discussed. In addition to the methods, it was suggested that “adaptations” and “discussions” also be included in this section. Mr. Wilhelmsen indicated that TCCJP members would need to provide the content. It was also suggested that instructions for ordering monogram references be posted on the Web site and a “What’s New” section be added. ACTION: Members are asked to submit ideas to Dr. Wilhelmsen regarding information to be posted on the Web site and in Methods section. It was noted that copyrighted material could not be posted. Dr. Wilhelmsen reported that the database would be on the TCCJP Web site, under the Juice Data Heading. The database rebuild would probably be completed by the end of October. |
| VIII | NJPA/PAI/JPA UPDATE Dr. Andy Ebert provided an update on the consolidation of the National Juice Products Association (NJPA) and the Processed Apples Institute (PAI) to form the Juice Products Association (JPA). He reported that the consolidation would become effective on October 1, 2003. MacFarlane Ferguson & McMullen would serve as legal counsel for the Association. It was reported that the following personnel would support JPA: Rick Cristol, President; Andy Ebert, Senior Advisor; Pat Faison, Technical Advisor; Lynn Hageman, Technical Affairs Committee Chair. Dr. Ebert reported there was currently no financial provision for JPA to support TCJJP. It was suggested that TCJJP consider using The Kellen Company to manage the Association. Dr. Ebert noted the important work being performed by TCJJP, the need to retain international representation and maintain TCJJP activities. It was reported that Ms. Tammy Andis had submitted a proposal to provide services such as preparation and distribution of the Minutes, account management, meeting site planning and organize workshops. Travel to TCJJP meetings and attendance were not included in the proposed fee of $2,500.00 ACTION: Dr. Stutsman agreed to contact Mr. Cristol regarding continued support for TCJJP. He also agreed to contact Ms. Kristen Gunter regarding participation in TCJJP. Dr. Ebert and Ms. Faison agreed to provide to Dr. Stutsman an approximate cost for the Kellen Company to manage TCJJP. Ms. Martin to contact Ms. Andis to discuss her services and proposed fee. |
| IX | BIOTERRORISM ACT Dr. Stutsman provided an update on Bioterrorism Act regulations. He reported that facility registration and prior notice of imported food shipment regulations would become effective on December 12, 2003 due to the “hammer clause” provisions in the Act. It was noted that the final regulations for these two proposals would probably be published on October 10, 2003. Attendees were advised that the FDA and Bureau of Customs and Border Protection would be integrating computer systems for implementation of the prior notice regulation. |
| X | CODEX ALIMENTARIUS Dr. Stutsman reported that the Codex Ad Hoc Intergovernmental Task Force on Fruit and Vegetable Juices met in Salvador, Brazil, May 6 – 10. On May 5, the Analytical Methods Working Group and a Brix Working Group met. The Task Force on Fruit and Vegetable Juices agreed to the following: 1. Juice preparation would not be limited to “physical” processes. 2. Fortification of juices would be allowed. 3. The use of sulfites and preservatives would be retained but subject to the national legislation of the importing country. 4. Gelatine would be retained as a processing aid but the gelatine must be obtained from skin collagen. 5. Enzymes as processing aids were retained, including cellulase. 6. A separate column was added to the table of analytical methods that identifies the specific provision in the Standard to which each method pertains. 7. The Brix table for directly expressed fruit juices was removed consistent with U.S. regulations. 8. An Annex was developed for all reconstituted fruit juices for which consensus had been reached on minimum Brix values. A footnote was added to recognize that in different regions, the Brix value may not be the same as the Brix established by Codex. In those regions where the Brix is consistently lower, the reconstituted juice made from the lower Brix would be acceptable provided the authenticity standard was met. 9. Since tomato juice has now been included as part of the fruit juice standard, it was agreed that work on the vegetable juice standard would be discontinued. It was reported that Ms. Carla Barry would attend the next meeting of the Codex Committee on Methods of Analysis and Sampling. Dr. Stutsman reported that the draft standard contained three pertinent appendices. Appendix II contains the minimum reconstituted Brix values for which consensus had been reached by the Task Force. Appendix III contains provisional Brix values for six fruit juices (i.e., grape, guava, tangerine/mandarin, mango, passion fruit and tamarind). The data for these Brix values were obtained from Brazil and more data are needed to assure these values are representative. Appendix IV contains unresolved Brix values for lemon, lime, orange and pineapple juices. Additional data are needed to establish the Brix values for these juices. Dr. Stutsman noted the difficulty in establishing a minimum Brix value for orange juice. The Task Force will meet in May 2004 to address issues related to the unresolved fruit juice Brix values. It was reported that a copy of the U.S. Delegate’s report could be obtained at www.fsis.usda.gov/OA/codex/juice.htm. Dr. Stutsman reported that the Codex Alimentarius Commission met June 30 – July 7 and adopted the main text of the draft fruit juice standard and Appendix II at Step 5 and advanced it to Step 7 in the Codex approval process. In addition, Appendix III was advanced to Step 5. Attendees were advised that Codex adopted 50 parts per billion (ppb) as the maximum level of patulin in apple juice and apple juice ingredients in other beverages. The Codex Committee on Food Additives and Contaminants (CCFAC) will review patulin levels in four years and consider reducing the maximum levels to 25 ppb. It was noted that the current methodology for detecting patulin at 50 ppb is good, but if the number is lowered to 25 ppb, better methodology would be needed. ACTION: Mr. Joseph to provide a copy of the poster session, “Determination of Patulin in Apple Products with a Novel SPE Clean-up Procedure” to Ms. Faison for distribution. Ms. Faison to distribute to members via hard copy mailing. |
| XI | WORKSHOP PLANNING Ms. Martin provided an update on the fruit juice authenticity workshop being planned by TCJJP. The workshop will be held in Lake Alfred, Florida, March 25, 2004 with the next TCJJP meeting being held on March 26. A fee of $225.00 is being considered and would include lunch, notebook and compact disc (CD) copies of the presentations. It was noted that attendance would be limited to approximately 60 registrants. The need to start promoting the workshop was discussed. It was suggested that Ms. Andis be contacted regarding her assistance with the workshop. |
| XII | MANGO SHORTAGE/ADDRESSING AUTHENTICITY Dr. Wilhelmsen provided a report on the mango shortage, noting the market is “tight.” He reported that India, Mexico and South America were good sources of mangoes. It was reported that mangoes were being used in blends. Dr. Wilhelmsen noted that he had not seen any adulteration lately and adulteration usually occurred from sugar addition. It was suggested that alerting others to fruit shortages is a service that TCJJP could provide. A shortage of pineapples was also noted. |
| XIII | NEW BUSINESS European Union Research Project Mr. Reimann provided a report on research being performed by the European Union on fruit juice adulteration. The research would evaluate different methods to detect the adulteration of fruit juices. One work group would develop an isotopic fingerprint of fruit juice components and a second work group would develop and improve chromatographic techniques in order to provide a quantitative identification of marker compounds in fruit juices. The research project is being performed by SGF (Sicher-Global-Fair). Details of the project can be accessed at www.sgf.org/purejuice. AIJN Update It was reported that AIJN has new guidelines for pectin in orange juice. The maximum allowable soluble pectin value is 500 parts per million (ppm) for 10 percent soluble pulp. It was also reported that there is a new Code of Practice for isocitric acid in orange juice. Attendees were advised that FAPAS (Food Analysis Performance Assessment Scheme) has launched its first juice proficiency studies. Citric, malic and isocitric acids in orange juice will be evaluated Adjournment Ms. Martin thanked Dr. Stutsman for his work and leadership as Chair of the TCJJP the past two years. The meeting was adjourned at 3:00 p.m. |
XIII.
NEW BUSINESS
European
Union Research Project
Mr.
Reimann provided a report on research being performed by the European Union on
fruit juice adulteration. The
research would evaluate different methods to detect the adulteration of fruit
juices. One work group would
develop an isotopic fingerprint of fruit juice components and a second work
group would develop and improve chromatographic techniques in order to provide a
quantitative identification of marker compounds in fruit juices. The research project is being performed by SGF (Sicher-Global-Fair).
Details of the project can be accessed at www.sgf.org/purejuice.
AIJN
Update
It was
reported that AIJN has new guidelines for pectin in orange juice.
The maximum allowable soluble pectin value is 500 parts per million (ppm)
for 10 percent soluble pulp. It was
also reported that there is a new Code of Practice for isocitric acid in orange
juice.
Attendees
were advised that FAPAS (Food Analysis Performance Assessment Scheme) has
launched its first juice proficiency studies.
Citric, malic and isocitric acids in orange juice will be evaluated
Adjournment
Ms.
Martin thanked Dr. Stutsman for his work and leadership as Chair of the TCJJP
the past two years.
The
meeting was adjourned at 3:00 p.m.
|
TECHNICAL
COMMITTEE FOR JUICE AND JUICE PRODUCTS FALL
MEETING September
18, 2003
Westin
Peachtree Plaza Hotel – Atlanta, Georgia |
||
ATTENDEES | ||
| Susan Martin | Coca-Cola North America | sumartin@na.ko.com |
| Martin Stutsman | U.S. FDA | martin.stutsman@fda.gov |
| Steve Cockram | Northland Cranberries, Inc | scockram@northlandcran.com |
| Lynn Hageman | Nestlé R&D | lynn.hageman@rdoh.nestle.com |
| Andy Ebert | Processed Apples Institute | aebert@kellencompany.com |
| Dana Krueger | Krueger Foods Laboratories, Inc. | dkrueger@kfl.com |
| Mike Kennedy | Cargill, Inc. | michael_kennedy@cargill.com |
| Nathalie Boivin | Canadian Food Inspection Agency | nborvin@inspection.gc.ca |
| Steve Kupina | Canandaigua Wine Co. | steve.kupina@cwine.com |
| Eric Wilhelmsen | Alliance of Tech. Professionals | eric.wilhelmse@atpconsultants.com |
| Stacie Hammack | Florida Department of Agriculture | hammacs@doacs.state.fl.us |
| Nora Barda | Ciati | norab@ciati.com.ar |
| Lars Reimann | Eurofins | larsreimann@eurofinsus.com |
| Ron Wrolstad | Oregon State University | |
| Jungmin Lee | Oregon State University | |
| Becky Wittrig | Restek Corp. | bwittrig@restekcorp.com |
| Greg Joseph | Nestlé USA, Inc. | greg.joseph@us.nestle.com |
| Patricia Faison | The Kellen Company | pfaison@kellencompany.com |